Danni Possibili - Nutriquest

 

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Questa sezione descrive i sintomi molto conosciuti delle deficienze nutrizionali, eccesso e tossicità nel corpo. Prima di fare una diagnosi di mancanza o tossicità di una sola nutriente, è importante ricordare che questi raramente occorrono in isolazione. Per esempio, una dieta di basso contenuto di proteine di solito contiene anche (troppo) poco ferro, zinco, thiamina e vitamina b6. E' difficile scegliere dei cibi che manchino una sola nutriente.

This section describes widely recognized symptoms of nutrient deficiency, excess, and toxicity in each major body system. When first embarking on the study of nutrition it is often tempting to diagnose nutrient deficiencies or excesses based on observation of a single symptom. Before you do so, you should be aware of the following:

Dietary deficiencies rarely occur in isolation; if you're deficient in one nutrient, you're likely to be deficient in another. For example, a diet low in protein is also often low in iron, zinc, thiamin and vitamin B6. Under typical circumstances it is very difficult to choose a diet based on whole foods that is deficient in a single nutrient.

La mancanza o la tossicità di diverse nutrienti possono causare dei sintomi simili. Per esempio, la defcienza di b1, b6 e di potassio possono causare confusione, ma questi non solo le sole cause. Anche la mancanza di sonno, piombo, l'uso di droghe, una ferita al cervello, ed una malattia organica dovrebbero essere tutti eliminati come altre possibili cause prima di poter fare una diagnosi. -- La vendita delle vitamine senza il controllo farmaceutico puo' anche essere un fattore che aumenta dei casi di sbiliancio dei minerali. -- La tabella sotto puo' dare delle indicazioni, ma se i sintomi sono severi, e' meglio consultare un medico.

A definitive diagnosis is very rarely made based on observation of a single symptom. Many different nutrient deficiencies cause similar symptoms. For instance, deficiencies of B1, B6, and potassium are all associated with mental confusion, as is lead toxicity; but these are not the only causes of mental confusion. Lack of sleep, drug use, brain injury, and organic brain disease would all need to be ruled out before you could point to a deficiency or excess of any one nutrient.

Isolated symptoms of toxicity have become more common than are isolated symptoms of nutrient deficiency. This is due to the widespread availability and use of supplements, many of which are rich in a single nutrient.

It is very important to keep these points in mind when reviewing the following chart. This chart can provide you with clues for recognizing problems in your own diet, but it should not replace a visit to your doctor if your symptoms are severe.

 

TISSUE/ORGAN / ORGANO

SYMPTOM / SINTOMA POSSIBLE NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY OR TOXICITY
Hair (on head) / Capelli

Depigmentation of hair

Scolorazione

Protein deficiency / mancanza di proteine
 

Flag sign: Stripes of depigmented hair

Scolorazione in certi punti

Transient, reoccurring protein deficiency/ idem
 

Hair loss

Caduta dei capelli

Biotin deficiency; vitamin A toxicity

Mancanza di biotina; tossicita' di vitamina A
 

Dry, Brittle hair

I capelli secchi, si spezzano

Iodine deficiency

Mancanza di iodio

Hair (body)

Peli (sul corpo)

Profuse, long body hair (lanugo)

I capelli sottili dovunque (lanugo)

Anorexia

Eyes

Occhi

Night blindness

Cecita' notturna

Vitamin A or zinc deficiency

Mancanza di vitamina A o di zinco
  Xeropthalmia Advanced vitamin A deficiency / mancanza di vitamina A grave
  Macular degeneration Age + lack of xantheine, an antioxidant from the carotene family commonly found in pumpkin, summer squash, and dark green vegetables.
 

Retinal degeneration

Danni sulla retina

Excess blood sugar (common in poorly regulated diabetes), myopia
Zucchero in eccesso nel sangue (diabete non curata), miopia
 

Dark under-eye circles

Sottocchi scuri

May indicate iron deficiency

Puo' significare mancanza di ferro
 

Yellow "whites"

Le parti bianchi dell'occhio sono gialli

Jaundice from liver disease; excessive beta-carotene intake

Problemi renali; troppa vitamina A

Mouth

Bocca

Bleeding gums

Sangue

Vitamin C deficiency

Mancanza di vitamina C
 

Loose teeth

I denti che si muovono

Advanced vitamin C deficiency (scurvy)

Mancanza di vitamina c grave
 

Cracked lips + swollen, dark red tongue

Labbra spezzate, lingua rossa forte

Riboflavin (Vit B2) deficiency
  Swollen dark red tongue Biotin deficiency
Throat / Gola Goiter Iiodine deficiency; autoimmune induced loss of thyroid function (hypothyroiditis)
Cardiovascular

Hypertension

Ipertensione

Excess sodium; lack of calcium & potassium; excess body weight & poor physical conditioning; also genetic causes

Troppo sodio; mancanza di calcio e potassio; troppo peso corporeo e poco sport, anche cause genetiche
  Atherosclerosis (blocked circulation) High fat (especially saturated) diet often accompanied by obesity / dieta ricca in grassi, obesita'
 

Poor circulation

circulazione debole

Capillary damage due to poorly regulated diabetes
 

Heart attack

attacco cardiaco

See atherosclerosis; potassium deficiency or toxicity are also remote possibilities

deficienza o tossicita' di potassio; problemi elettrolitici
  Stroke See hypertension, atherosclerosis
Respiratory Asthma A genetically increased requirement for vitamins E & C; may accompany food allergies; exacerbated by sulfites (food preservatives)
  Cancer / cancro Possible deficiency of antioxidants & phytochemicals found in produce; exposure to environmental toxins, including those found in some foods; genetic component with some cancers, e.g. colon and ovarian
Liver / fegato Failure / sfunzionamento Alcohol toxicity; poisonous foods & herbs, e.g. some mushrooms; excess use of supplements such as vitamins A, D, B6, and niacin
  Fatty Early stages of alcoholism
  Gallstones High fat diet + obesity, especially in overweight women of reproductive age
Kidneys / reni Damage / danni Exposure to environmental toxins, including those in some foods; excess nutrients such as fluoride
  Failure Hyperglycemia due to poorly regulated diabetes; high protein diets
  Stones Excess calcium
Pancreas Pancreatitis Alcoholism
  Autoimmune damage (insulin dependent diabetes) Elevated blood glucose
  Cystic fibrosis Nutrient deficiencies due to lack of digestive enzymes
Gastrointestinal tract Constipation Lack of dietary fiber
  Colon cancer Lack of dietary fiber; antioxidant deficiency; genetic predisposition
  Diarrhea Deficiency of nutrients used to build intestinal lining, including protein, zinc, vitamin A, and B-complex vitamins
Urogenital tract Recurrent bladder infections May indicate lack of sufficient nutrients to build up a good lining
  Excess urination Microbial infection; diabetes; excess caffeine consumption
  Insufficient urination Dehydration
  Unusually colored urine Illness; excess intake of supplements such as vitamin C, riboflavin or carotinoid antioxidants
  Prostate cancer Insufficient intake of the antioxidant luetein (the red pigment in tomatoes)
  Hypogonadism Zinc deficiency in childhood
Skeleton / ossa Bowed legs, protruding breastbone (rickets) Vitamin D deficiency during childhood
  Frequent fractures (osteomalacia) Loss of calcium from bones due to adult vitamin D deficiency
  Pre-osteoporosis (osteopenia) Weakened bones caused by lack of calcium during teen and adult years
  Osteoporosis Brittle calcium-deficient bones caused by poor diet and age-related hormone changes
  Hypercalcification Vitamin A toxicity
  Stunted growth Starvation, protein deficiency
  Dwarfism Possible zinc deficiency
Skin / pelle Pellegra (dry, black skin) Niacin (vitamin B3) deficiency
  Dry, scaly skin / pelle secca Essential fatty acid, vitamin E, or biotin deficiency
  Greasy, scaly Riboflavin (B2) deficiency
  Dry, stays peaked when pinched Dehydration (water deficiency or electrolyte imbalance)
  Unusual skin rash Excess supplement use; vitamin B6 deficiency
Soft tissues Wasting Anorexia nervosa; involuntary starvation; thiamin deficiency
  Delayed wound healing Vitamins C, A or zinc deficiency
  Calcification Vitamin D toxicity
Neurological system Numbness in extremities Vitamin B6 toxicity; vitamin B1 deficiency (Beriberi)
  Persistent tremors Alcoholism
  Mental confusion Starvation; deficiency of vitamin B6 or B1 (Beriberi), iron, and potassium; profound niacin deficiency; lead toxicity; must rule out brain injury or disease
Red Blood Cell Indexes (Anemias) Hemolytic anemia Vitamin E deficiency
  Hemorraghic anemia Vitamin K deficiency
  Macrocytic anemia Folate deficiency
  Microcytic anemia Iron deficiency; zinc or vitamin B6 deficiency
  Pernicious anemia Vitamin B12 deficiency; dietary or genetic causes
  Lack of clot formation Vitamin K deficiency; vitamin E toxicity
Blood Chemistry Hyperglycemia (diabetes) Elevated blood glucose
  Poor glucose clearance Noninsulin dependent diabetes: chromium deficiency; excess body weight; genetics
  Hypoglycemia Low blood glucose; a symptom, not a disease. Two types: reactive, which is caused by skipping meals or starvation, and spontaneous, which is caused by over-production of insulin following a meal; may indicate a pancreatic tumor.
  Hypercholestremia High fat diet + obesity; genetics
  Hyperlipidemia High fat diet + obesity; genetics
  Electrolyte imbalances Dehydration due to disease, heat exhaustion, overexertion, insufficient fluid intake, or excess use of diuretics, emetics or laxatives
  Anemias See Red Blood Cell Indexes

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